Autonomous vehicle technology is not just self-driving robo-taxis. AVs are used in mining, farming, factories and warehouses and new passenger vehicles are more automated than ever. But cars that can completely take over the driving task from humans – and significantly reduce accidents, traffic and fuel consumption – have been an elusive goal since companies began pouring billions of dollars into the technology more than a decade ago. These AV experts explain why completely self-driving cars are such a difficult technical challenge and discuss the eventual path to full autonomy.